%% v1.5 [2003/10/29] goo .code jos
\documentclass[paper]{ieice}
%\documentclass[tutorial]{ieice}
%\documentclass[invited]{ieice}
%\documentclass[survey]{ieice}
%\documentclass[invitedsurvey]{ieice}
%\documentclass[review]{ieice}
%\documentclass[letter]{ieice}
%\documentclass[referee]{ieice}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{latexsym}

\setcounter{page}{1}

%% <local definitions>
\def\ClassFile{\texttt{ieice.cls}}
\newcommand{\PS}{{\scshape Post\-Script}}
\newcommand{\AmSLaTeX}{%
 $\mathcal A$\lower.4ex\hbox{$\!\mathcal M\!$}$\mathcal S$-\LaTeX}
\def\BibTeX{{\rmfamily B\kern-.05em
 \textsc{i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
  T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
\hyphenation{man-u-script}
\makeatletter
\def\tmpcite#1{\@ifundefined{b@#1}{\textbf{?}}{\csname b@#1\endcsname}}%
\makeatother
%% </local definitions>

\field{A}
\vol{86}
\no{5}
\SpecialIssue{Conceptual Modeling for Data Mining}
%\SpecialSection{}
\title[An Integrated Perspective of Data Mining]
      {An Integrated Perspective of Data Mining}
\titlenote{This paper was presented at ...}
\authorlist{%
 \authorentry{Jose Zubcoff}{n}{labelA}
 \authorentry{Juan Trujillo}{m}{labelB}[labelC]
}
%\breakauthorline{2}
\affiliate[labelA]{The author is with the school of sea science and applied biology, Al- 
icante University, Spain}
\affiliate[labelB]{The author is with the school of computer science, Al- 
icante University, Spain}
\paffiliate[labelC]{Presently, the author is with ...}

\received{2007}{8}{15}
\revised{2007}{10}{27}
\finalreceived{2007}{12}{28}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

\begin{summary}
Nowadays, data mining (DM) is performed more as an art than as science. The lack of a conceptualization of the whole process .... 
\end{summary}
\begin{keywords}
data mining, conceptual modeling, KDD
\end{keywords}

\section{Introduction}\label{intro}

This document describes how to handle the \ClassFile\ 
for the IEICE (the Institute of Electronics, Information 
and Communication Engineers) Transactions. 
Section~\ref{usage} explains how to typeset according to the template. 
\texttt{template.tex} which is distributed with the \ClassFile\ can be used. 
Section~\ref{generalnote} describes a special feature of \ClassFile, 
which is different from the \texttt{article.cls} provided 
by the standard \LaTeXe\ and which points may be aware of 
on writing a manuscript and so on. Section~\ref{typesetting} is 
about typographic notes, 
which explains how to typeset, how to prevent typographic errors 
and how to handle long formulas. 

\section{Template and How to Typeset a Manuscript}
\label{usage}

\ClassFile\ should be specified as a document class, not as an option.
The layout is influenced with the following formatting request, 
\texttt{twocolumn}, \texttt{twoside} and \texttt{fleqn}, 
which are declared inside the class file. 
There is no need to specify them as an option again 
and other options changing the layout or all style parameters 
should not be specified. 

\subsection{The Class Option and The Option for Initial Submission}

Information for Authors (Brief Summary) says that 
each submitted manuscript is categorized as either ``PAPER'' or ``LETTER''. 
\ClassFile\ provides options of \verb/\documentclass/ 
for not only ``PAPER'' and ``LETTER'' 
but also ``INVITED PAPER'', ``SURVEY PAPER'', ... 
and ``initial submission'' shown in Table~\ref{classoption}. 

With no optional arguments to \verb/\documentclass/, 
\ClassFile\ will be formatted in ``PAPER'' style. 


\begin{table}[tb]% 
\setbox0\hbox{\verb/\documentclass/}%
\caption{Options of \box0.}
\label{classoption}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\hline
\textbf{class option}  & \textbf{manuscript type}\\
\hline
\texttt{referee}       & initial submission (typeset in one column)\\
\hline
\texttt{paper}         & \textsf{PAPER}\\
\texttt{invited}       & \textsf{INVITED PAPER}\\
\texttt{survey}        & \textsf{SURVEY PAPER}\\
\texttt{invitedsurvey} & \textsf{INVITED SURVEY PAPER}\\
\texttt{review}        & \textsf{REVIEW PAPER}\\
\texttt{tutorial}      & \textsf{TUTORIAL PAPER}\\
\hline
\texttt{letter}        & \textsf{LETTER}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}%
\end{center}
\end{table}


Once the \texttt{referee} option is specified, 
a manuscript will be formatted in one column. 
This option is provided for initial submission. 
It might save author(s) a lot of time to fold long math formulas. 

When \texttt{letter} is specified, the author's profile 
(the \verb/\profile/ command, see page~\pageref{profile:command}) 
at the end of a manuscript will not be produced. 

\subsection{Template}

Here is the template. 
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[paper]{ieice}
%\documentclass[referee]{ieice}
%\documentclass[invited]{ieice}
%\documentclass[survey]{ieice}
%\documentclass[invitedsurvey]{ieice}
%\documentclass[review]{ieice}
%\documentclass[tutorial]{ieice}
%\documentclass[letter]{ieice}
\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\setcounter{page}{1}
\field{A}
\vol{86}
\no{5}
\SpecialIssue{\LaTeXe\ Class File 
              for the IEICE Transactions}
%\SpecialSection{}
\title[How to Use the Class File]
      {How to Use the Class File 
       for the IEICE Transactions}
\titlenote{This paper was presented at ...}
\authorlist{%
 \authorentry{Hanako DENSHI}{m}{labelA}
 \authorentry{Taro DENSHI}{n}{labelB}[labelC]
}
%\breakauthorline{2}
\affiliate[labelA]
 {The author is with the Faculty ...}
\affiliate[labelB]
 {The author is with the Faculty ...}
\paffiliate[labelC]
 {Presently, the author is with ...}

\received{1999}{1}{15}
\revised{2002}{11}{27}
\finalreceived{2003}{10}{29}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

\begin{summary}
IEICE (The Institute of Electronics, 
Information and Communication Engineers) 
provides a \LaTeXe\ class file, 
named \ClassFile, for the IEICE Transactions. 
 ...
\end{summary}
\begin{keywords}
\LaTeXe\ class file, typesetting, 
math formulas
\end{keywords}
\section{Introduction}
 ... ... ...
\section*{Acknowledgments}
 ... ... ...
\bibliographystyle{ieicetr}
\bibliography{myrefs}
\begin{thebibliography}{9}
\bibitem{}
\end{thebibliography}

\appendix
%\appendix*
 ... ... ...
\profile{Taro Denshi}{was born in 19xx. ...}
\end{document}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{itemize}
\item
The \verb/\field/ command is required by the header. 
Its argument indicates the categories of Transactions (see following table). 
For example, in the case of ``Fundamentals'', 
\texttt{A} is specified as an argument of \verb/\field/. 

\halflineskip

\noindent
\begin{tabular}{cl}
 \hline
 \texttt{A} & Fundamentals \\
 \texttt{B} & Communications \\
 \texttt{C} & Electronics \\
 \texttt{D} & Information and Systems\\
 \hline
\end{tabular}

\halflineskip

\item
The \verb/\vol/ and \verb/\no/ commands are not needed 
to be assigned in submitted manuscript (there are no entries of them 
in \texttt{template.tex}). 
They are required by the header, 
which needs information of volume and number of issue in final printing, 
and are assigned as \verb/\vol{86} and \verb/\no{5}/ respectively. 
Both arguments must be a positive integer. 

\item
The \verb/\SpecialIssue/ and \verb/\SpecialSection/ commands are required 
in the case of submission to the Special Issue (Special Section) 
described on Call for Papers, not in the case of 
the Regular Issue (Regular Section). 
An argument description is as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\SpecialIssue{Image Processing}
\end{verbatim}

\item
The title of a manuscript is assigned in \verb/\title/. 
You may use \verb/\\/ to start a new line in a long title. 
The argument of the \verb/\title/ command is required 
for more than just producing a title, 
it is also required to generate a running head, combining with authors' names. 
If you want a shorter title for a running head, 
type as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\title[short title]{title}
\end{verbatim}

\item
If you need to describe a notation 
when a manuscript was first reported 
and by which organization authors were supported, etc., 
the \verb/\titlenote/ command can be used. 

\item
The outputs of authors' names, membership status 
and marks of affiliates are 
automatically generated by using the \verb/\authorlist/ 
and \verb/\authorentry/ commands. 

The \verb/\authorentry/ command must be described 
as an argument of the \verb/\authorlist/ command. 
The \verb/\authorentry/ command has three arguments. 
\begin{verbatim}
\authorentry{name}{membership}{label}
\end{verbatim}

For example, they could be typed as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\authorlist{%
 \authorentry{Hanako DENSHI}{m}{labelA}
 \authorentry{Taro DENSHI}{n}{labelB}
}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{itemize}
\item
The first argument of \verb/\authorentry/ is filled with an author's name. 
The family name should be described in uppercase letters. 

\item
The second argument is specified by one letter out of five letters 
(m, n, a, s, h, f), each one indicating the membership status of each author 
as the following table shows. 

\halflineskip

\noindent
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\hline
\texttt{m} & Member\\
\texttt{n} & Nonmember \\
\texttt{a} & Affiliate Member\\
\texttt{s} & Student Member\\
\texttt{h} & Fellow, Honorary Member \\
\texttt{f} & Fellow\\
\hline
\multicolumn{3}{p{65mm}}{\small
the left column is letters to be specified. 
the right column is membership status to be generated. 
}
\end{tabular}%

\halflineskip

To specify other letters will not cause errors, 
but will cause wrong output. 
No extra spaces may be added between a letter and a brace. 
\verb*/{m}/ and \verb*/{m }/ are regarded as different. 
The latter will not generate ``Regular Member''. 

\item
The third argument is assigned by the label of the author's affiliate, 
corresponding to the label of the \verb/\affiliate/ command (see below). 
For example, an abbreviation for a university, institute or company 
is recommended for the label. 

In the case of no affiliate, the label \texttt{none} must be specified. 
And in the case of plural affiliates, 
labels should be specified as a comma separated list. 
\end{itemize}

\item 
E-mail addresses might be specified. 
Its description is as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\authorentry[name@xx.yy.zz]
 {Hanako DENSHI}{m}{labelA}
\end{verbatim}

\item
If you need to inform a present affiliate, 
the optional fourth argument of \verb/\authorentry/ can be used 
as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\authorentry{Hanako DENSHI}{m}{labelA}
 [lableB]
\end{verbatim}
The fourth argument which is described in brackets is corresponding to 
the label of the \verb/\paffiliate/ command (see below). 

\item
The \verb/\breakauthorline/ command is provided, 
if you would like to break a line of author's lists at any point. 

\verb/\breakauthorline{/\textit{num,num,num,...\/}\verb/}/

\textit{num\/} must be a positive integer. 
If ``\texttt{3}'' is specified, the line-break will be occurred 
after the third author. 
If ``\texttt{2,4,6}'' is specified, line-breaks will be occurred 
after the second, fourth and sixth authors. 

\item
Author's affiliate is described 
in the \verb/\affiliate/ command as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\affiliate[label]{affiliate}
\end{verbatim}
The first argument \texttt{label} must be the same as 
the 3rd argument of the \verb/\authorentry/ command. 
No extra spaces may be added between a letter and a brace. 
The second argument is filled with the author's affiliate. 

The entry of \verb/\affiliate/ must be 
put in the same order as labels of \verb/\authorentry/ lists. 

If the labels of \verb/affiliate/ are different 
from those of \verb/\authorentry/, 
there will come a warning message on your terminal.  

\item
The author's present affiliate is described 
in the \verb/\paffiliate/ command as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\paffiliate[label]{present affiliate}
\end{verbatim}
The first argument must be the same as 
the fourth argument of \verb/\authorentry/ command. 

\item
The \verb/\received/, \verb/\revised/ and \verb/\finalreceived/ commands 
are required to generate the date of receipt of a manuscript, 
revision of a manuscript and the date of final version. 
Those descriptions is in the order of year\slash month\slash day. 
For example, the date of receipt is assigned 
as \verb/\received{1999}{1}{15}/. 

Notice that the \verb/\finalreceived/ command could be only required 
when a manuscript would be submitted in Trans.\ on Fundamentals (A). 
\end{itemize}

All those commands should be written in preamble. 

The \verb/\maketitle/ command should be placed after 
the \verb/\begin{document}/ command. It generates the title. 

\begin{itemize}
\item
The text of the abstract is described in the \texttt{summary} environment. 
It should be about 300 words for a ``PAPER'', 50 for a ``LETTER'' 
in a single paragraph. 

\item
The text of the keywords is described in the \texttt{keywords} environment. 
The text should be 4--5 words and be given in lowercase letters 
except abbreviations and proper nouns. 

\item
If you might express your gratitude, 
the following description is recommended. 
\begin{verbatim}
\section*{Acknowledgments}
\end{verbatim}

\item
The \verb/\appendix/ command provided by the stan\-dard \LaTeXe\ is 
only a declaration that changes the way sectional units are numbered. 
But \verb/\appendix/ and \verb/\appendix*/ commands provided by \ClassFile\ 
are different from it. 

Once the \verb/\appendix/ command is declared, 
the following \verb/\section/ commands will generate ``Appendix A:~'', 
``Appendix B:~'', ...~.
On the other hand, the \verb/\appendix*/ command 
will generate ``Appendix:~'' without sectional numbers. 
So the latter should be used when the appendix has no more 
than one section. 

Once either of both commands is declared, 
equation numbers and float numbers are numbered ``A$\cdot$\,1'', 
``A$\cdot$\,2'', ...~.

\item
\label{profile:command}%
Authors' biographies (not necessary for a ``LETTER'') 
on page \pageref{profile} are generated with: 
\begin{verbatim}
\profile{Hanako Denshi}
{was born in 19xx. 
 ...
 The Institute of Electronics, 
 Information and Communication
 Engineers (IEICE), ...}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{itemize}
\item
The first and second arguments are filled with an author's name 
and profile respectively. 

\item
If EPS (see page~\pageref{EPS}) files of pictures 
of the authors' faces are provided, 
put the EPS files named a1.eps, a2.eps, etc.,
which are followed by the order of authors, 
on the current directory of your computer. 
The \verb/\profile/ command automatically reads their files 
and puts their pictures on the left margin. 

\texttt{graphics} or \texttt{graphicx} package must be specified. 

The ratio of EPS file must be width : height = 25 : 33. 
EPS files will be read by the following command. 
\begin{verbatim}
\resizebox{25mm}{!}
 {\includegraphics{a1.eps}}
\end{verbatim}

If their files don't exist in the current directory, 
simple frames will be generated (see page~\pageref{profile}). 
\end{itemize}

Pictures of the authors' faces may be omitted by 
using the \verb/\profile*/ command 
instead of the \verb/\profile/ command. 
\end{itemize}

\section{Special Feature of \ClassFile\ and
 Notes about Some Features of \LaTeXe}\label{generalnote}

\subsection{Formula}

As described in Sect.\,\ref{usage}, 
the \texttt{fleqn} option is in effect. 
A displayed formula is aligned on the left, a fixed distance (7\,mm) 
from the left margin, instead of being centered. 
A formula number is put on the right side. 

Although a width of one column might be felt too narrow 
to compose displayed formulas, 
equations should be composed with the proper length, 
paying attention to the message ``\texttt{Overfull} \verb/\hbox/''.
Section~\ref{longformula} describes several solutions and hints 
to hande a long formula. 


\begin{table}[b]% 
\caption{The font size in the \texttt{table} environment is 8 point.}
\label{table:1}
\setbox0\vbox{%
\hbox{\verb/\begin{table}[b]%[tbp]/}
\hbox{\verb/\caption{An example of table.}/}
\hbox{\verb/\label{table:1}/}
\hbox{\verb/\begin{center}/}
\hbox{\verb/\begin{tabular}{c|c|c}/}
\hbox{\verb/\hline/}
\hbox{\verb/A & B & C\\/}
\hbox{\verb/\hline/}
\hbox{\verb/X & Y & Z\\/}
\hbox{\verb/\hline/}
\hbox{\verb/\end{tabular}/}
\hbox{\verb/\end{center}/}
\hbox{\verb/\end{table}/}
}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c|c|c}
\hline
A & B & C\\
\hline
X & Y & Z\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\halflineskip
\fbox{\box0}
\end{center}
\end{table}


\subsection{Figures and Tables}

The font size inside the \texttt{figure} and \texttt{table} environments
is set \verb/\footnotesize/ (8\,pt) (see Table~\ref{table:1}). 

The \texttt{[h]} option, 
one of the arguments of floating environment specifying 
a location where the float may be placed, is not recommended. 
Figures and tables should be located at the top or bottom of a page
by using \texttt{[tb]} or \texttt{[tbp]}. 

\subsubsection{Including Graphics}
\label{EPS}

Although there are many ways to include pictures and figures in \LaTeX, 
the Encapsulated \PS\ format (EPS) is recommended. 

Here is a simple explanation to insert graphics into a manuscript. 

The \texttt{graphics} or \texttt{graphicx} package must be loaded. 
The option \texttt{dvips} is one of the device driver's option, 
it might be changed according to a device driver you use
or might be omitted. 
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\end{verbatim}

A graphics file (EPS file) produced by another program can be included 
with the \verb/\includegraphics/ command. 
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}[tb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics{file.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{...}
\label{fig:1}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}

If the option \texttt{scale=0.5} is given, 
the graphics will be scaled by half. 
\begin{verbatim}
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{file.eps}
\end{verbatim}

You can get the same result as above by using the \verb/\scalebox/ command. 
\begin{verbatim}
\scalebox{0.5}{\includegraphics{file.eps}}
\end{verbatim}

If the option \texttt{width=30mm} is given, 
the width of graphics will be 30\,mm
(with the height proportionally scaled). 
\begin{verbatim}
\includegraphics[width=30mm]{file.eps}
\end{verbatim}

The next is another example using \verb/\resizebox/. 
\begin{verbatim}
\resizebox{30mm}{!}
 {\includegraphics{file.eps}}
\end{verbatim}

Both dimension of width and height can be specified as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\includegraphics[width=30mm,height=40mm]
 {file.eps}
\end{verbatim}
or 
\begin{verbatim}
\resizebox{30mm}{40mm}
 {\includegraphics{file.eps}}
\end{verbatim}

For further information about the graphics package, 
see reference book \cite{latexbook,FMi2}. 

\subsubsection{Captions of Floating Environment}
\label{caption}

\ClassFile\ set the width of caption to \verb/\columnwidth/ (about 83.5\,mm)
in the case of single column and 0.66\verb/\textwidth/ (about 116\,mm) 
in the case of double column. 

The width of caption can be set by changing the value of \verb/\capwidth/ 
(see Fig.\,\ref{fig:1}). 


\begin{figure}[t]% fig.1
\setbox0\vbox{%
\hbox{\verb/\begin{figure}[tbp]/}
\hbox{\verb/... floating materials .../}
\hbox{\verb/\capwidth=50mm/}
\hbox{\verb/\caption{An example of figure./}
\hbox{\verb/\label{fig:1}/}
\hbox{\verb/\end{figure}/}
}
\begin{center}
\fbox{\box0}
\end{center}
\caption{An example of figure.}
\label{fig:1}
\end{figure}


\subsection{Theorem-like Environment}

If you use the \verb/\newtheorem/ environment, 
pay attention to the following points. 
Additional vertical spaces before and after the environment 
are \verb/.5\baselineskip/, 
and the text within the environment does not appear in italics. 

An example is given as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\begin{theorem}[Fermat]
There are no positive integers such that 
$x^n + y^n = z^n$ for $n>2$. 
I've found a remarkable proof of this fact, 
but there is not enough space 
in the margin [of the book] to write it. 
(Fermat's last theorem). 
\end{theorem}
\end{verbatim}

\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\begin{theorem}[Fermat]
There are no positive integers such that 
$x^n + y^n = z^n$ for $n>2$. 
I've found a remarkable proof of this fact, 
but there is not enough space 
in the margin [of the book] to write it. 
(Fermat's last theorem). 
\end{theorem}

\subsection{Footnotes}

The footnote begins with ``$^\dagger$'' (see page~\pageref{fnsample}). 
As the footnote counter increases, the footnote marks proceed 
as ``$^\dagger$'', ``$^{\dagger\dagger}$'', ``$^{\dagger\dagger\dagger}$''. 
The footnote mark is set to reset at each page.

\subsection{Bibliography and Citations}

The bibliographic reference list should be generated 
according to the IEICE editing style, 
e.g., authors' initials, names, title of article, 
journal abbreviation, 
volume, number, pages, and publication year, etc. 
Information about composing such lists can be given in 
``Information for Authors (Brief Summary)'' and the following web site. 

\noindent
\texttt{http://www.ieice.org/eng/shiori/mokuji.html}

On the other hand, in case using \BibTeX\ \cite{FMi1} 
the bibliography style \texttt{ieicetr.bst} (numeric citation order) 
is recommended, which is distributed with \ClassFile. 

\ClassFile\ includes the \texttt{citesort} package 
with a slight modification. 
The \texttt{citesort} package collapses a list of three or more 
consecutive numbers into a range, and 
sorts the numbers before collapsing them. 
For instance, while the following example, 
\verb/\cite{/%
\texttt{FMi1,\allowbreak
FMi2,\allowbreak
FMi3,\allowbreak
latexbook,\allowbreak
texbook,\allowbreak
Salomon\allowbreak
}\verb/}/, 
would produce 
[\tmpcite{FMi1}, \tmpcite{FMi2}, \tmpcite{FMi3}, \tmpcite{latexbook}, 
\tmpcite{texbook}, \tmpcite{Salomon}] in the standard style, 
it is transformed into 
``\cite{FMi1,FMi2,FMi3,latexbook,texbook,Salomon}'' 
in this class file. 

\subsection{Verbatim Environment}

You can change the values of the parameters in the verbatim environment
which is customized in \ClassFile. 
The default settings are: 
\begin{verbatim}
\verbatimleftmargin=0pt
\def\verbatimsize{\normalsize}
\verbatimbaselineskip=\baselineskip
\end{verbatim}

For example, those parameters can be changed as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\verbatimleftmargin=7mm
\def\verbatimsize{\footnotesize}
\verbatimbaselineskip=3mm
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{AMS Packages}

The \AmSLaTeX\ packages are provided to typeset complex equations 
or other mathematical constructions. 
If you would like to use them, 
the \texttt{amsmath} package should be loaded 
with the \texttt{fleqn} option. 
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage[fleqn]{amsmath}
\end{verbatim}

While the \texttt{amsmath} package presents many functions, 
the \verb/\boldsymbol/ command which is 
to be used for individual bold math symbols and bold Greek letters 
is needed, only the \texttt{amsbsy} package might be loaded. 
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\end{verbatim}

Once the \texttt{amssymb} package is loaded, 
many extra math symbols of the \AmSLaTeX\ fonts 
will become available. 
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\end{verbatim}

For further information about the \AmSLaTeX\ package, 
see reference book \cite{FMi1}. 

\subsection{Miscellaneous}
\label{misc}

The following macros are defined in \ClassFile. 
\begin{itemize}
\item
\verb/\QED/: 
Produces ``$\Box$'' in the end of the proof and so on. 
You would get the same output by using \verb/\hfill $\Box$/. 
But if the end of a paragraph goes to the right margin, 
the character $\Box$ is positioned at the start of a line.
Using \verb/\QED/ will prevent such a case. 

Notice that the \texttt{latexsym} package is required to produce $\Box$. 

\item
\verb/\halflineskip/ and \verb/\onelineskip/:\hfil\break
Produce a vertical space, \verb/0.5\baselineskip/, %\hfil\break
\verb/1\baselineskip/ respectively. 

\item
\verb/\RN/ and \verb/\FRAC/: 
Are shown in Table~\ref{table:2} \cite{texbook}. 

\item
\verb/\ddash/: 
Produce double ``---''. 
Double ``\texttt{---}'' sometimes produce thin space between two ``---''. 
\verb/\ddash/ will prevent such a case. 
\end{itemize}


\begin{table}[tb]% 
\caption{\texttt{\symbol{"5C}RN} and \texttt{\symbol{"5C}FRAC}}
\label{table:2}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|cc|cc|}
\hline
\verb/\RN{2}/
 & \verb/\RN{117}/
  & \verb/\FRAC{$\pi$}{2}/
   & \verb/\FRAC{1}{4}/ \\
\hline
\RN{2} & \RN{117} & \FRAC{$\pi$}{2} & \FRAC{1}{4} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}%
\end{center}
\end{table}


\section{Typographic Notes}
\label{typesetting}

\subsection{How to Prevent Typographic Errors}

\begin{enumerate}
\item
``The italic correction will be automatically added by the font 
commands with arguments but must be inserted manually using 
\verb#\/# when declarations are used'' \cite{FMi1}. 

\verb#{\itshape italic\/}#:\hfil\break
{\itshape italic\/} correction is required.

\verb#\textit{italic}#:\hfil\break
\textit{italic} correction is not required. 

\item
You should pay attention to a space after a period. 

``\TeX\ simply assumes that a period ends a sentence unless
it follows an uppercase letter. This works most of the time, 
but not always---abbreviations like `etc.'\ being the most
common exception. You tell \TeX\ that a period doesn't 
end a sentence by using a \verb*/\ / command (a \verb/\/
character followed by a space or the end of a line) 
to make the space after the period.'' 

``On the rare occasions that a sentence-ending period
follows an uppercase letter, you will have to tell \TeX\ 
that the period ends the sentence. You do this by preceding 
the period with a \verb/\@/ command'' \cite{latexbook}. 

\texttt{Beans} \texttt{(lima, etc.)}\verb/\/ 
\texttt{have vitamin B}\verb/\@/. 

\item
``Line breaking should be prevented at certain interword spaces.
 ... Trying \~\ (a tilde character) produces an ordinary interword
space at which \TeX\ will never break a line'' \cite{latexbook}. 

\verb/Mr.~Jones/, 
\verb/Figure~\ref{fig:1}/, 
\verb/(1)~gnats/.

\item
With respect to Figure, Section, Equation, when these words appear at 
the beginning of a sentence, they should be spelt out in full, 
e.g., ``Figure~1 shows ...'' is used. 
When they appear in the middle or the last of a sentence, 
abbreviations, e.g.,\ ``in Fig.\,1'', ``in Sect.\,2'', 
``in Eq.\,(3)'' should be used. 

\item
There should be no space after opening or before closing parentheses, 
as in \verb*/( word )/.

\item
There are many cases of an inappropriate application of a \verb/\\/ 
or \verb/\newline/ command except in the tabular environment etc., 
such as two \verb/\\/ commands in succession 
or \verb/\\/ command just before a blank line. 
They will often cause warning messages like 
\texttt{Underfull} \verb/\hbox/ ..., 
as a result it would often prevent you 
from finding important warning messages. 
The use of \verb/\par\noindent/ or \verb/\hfil\break/ commands 
is recommended and gives you the same effect without warning messages. 

\item
There are some cases of an inappropriate application of a \verb/\\/
in descriptions such as program lists.
Use of the \texttt{tabbing} environment or \texttt{list} environment 
is recommended. 

\item
There are three types of dashes that are used. 
The hyphen (\texttt{-}) is used in connecting English-language words 
such as `well-known', and the en dash (\texttt{--}) is used 
when expressing a range such as `pp.298--301'.
The em dash (\texttt{---}) is even longer---it's used as punctuation. 

\item
Notice that \LaTeX\ recognizes the hyphen and en dash in math mode 
as the minus sign. Use \verb/\hbox/ or \verb/\mbox/ 
if you would like to use the hyphen and en dash in math mode as it is. 
Some examples are given below. 

\noindent
\verb/$A^{b-c}$/\par
\noindent
\hspace{2em}$A^{b-c}$ $\Rightarrow$ minus sign\par
\noindent
\verb/$A^{\mathrm{b}\mbox{\scriptsize -}/\hfil\break
 \verb/\mathrm{c}}$/\par
\noindent
\hspace{2em}$A^{\mathrm{b}\mbox{\scriptsize -}\mathrm{c}}$
 $\Rightarrow$ hyphen\par
\noindent
\verb/$A^{\mathrm{b}\mbox{\scriptsize --}/\hfil\break
 \verb/\mathrm{c}}$/\par
\noindent
\hspace{2em}$A^{\mathrm{b}\mbox{\scriptsize --}\mathrm{c}}$
 $\Rightarrow$ en dash\par
\noindent
\verb/$A^{\mathrm{b-c}$/\par
\noindent
\hspace{2em}$A^{\mathrm{b-c}}$
 $\Rightarrow$ minus sign\par

\item
The less-than sign ``$<$'' (\verb/</, a relation) should not be confused 
with ``$\langle$'' (\verb/\langle/, a delimiter). 
The same is true for the greater-than sign ``$>$'' and ``$\rangle$''.

\item
A unary operator and a binary operator: 
``A $+$ or $-$ that begins a formula (or certain subformulas) is 
assumed to be a unary operator, so typing \verb/$-x$/ produces $-x$ 
and typing \verb/$\sum - x_{i}$/ produces $\sum - x_{i}$, 
with no space between the ``$-$'' and ``x''. 
If the formula is part of a larger one that is being split 
across lines, \TeX\ must be told that the $+$ or $-$ is 
a binary operator. This is done by starting the formula with an
invisible first term, produced by an \verb/\mbox/ command
with a null argument'' \cite{latexbook}. 

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{eqnarray}
y &=& a + b + c + ... + e\\
  & & \mbox{} + f + ... 
\end{eqnarray}
\end{verbatim}

\item
\verb/\allowbreak/ may be used within long math formulas in paragraphs 
since \TeX\ is reluctant to break lines there. 
It allow a line or page break where one could not ordinary occur. 
On the other hand, \verb/\\/, \verb/\hfil\break/ an \verb/\linebreak/ 
force \TeX\ to break a line at the point. 
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{How to Handle Long Formulas}
\label{longformula}

Here are some explanations how to handle long formulas, 
for example, overhanged equations, equations overriding the equation number, 
and so forth. 

\halflineskip
\hfuzz10pt

\noindent
\textbf{Example 1}: 
\begin{equation}
 y=a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m
\end{equation}
The above equation is too long, and the space between the equation 
and the equation number are too narrow and sometimes the equation number 
would moves to the right. 
In this case the \verb/\!/ command is useful. 

``The \verb/\!/ acts like a backspace, removing the same space amount 
of space that \verb/\,/ adds'' \cite{latexbook}. 
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{equation}
 y\!=\!a\!+\!b\!+\!c\!+\! ... \!+\!m
\end{equation}
\end{verbatim}
\begin{equation}
 y\!=\!a\!+\!b\!+\!c\!+\!d\!+\!e\!+\!f
     \!+\!g\!+\!h\!+\!i\!+\!j\!+\!k\!+\!l\!+\!m
\end{equation}

\halflineskip

\noindent
\textbf{Example 2}: 
Using \texttt{eqnarray} environment 
instead of \texttt{equation} environment. 
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{eqnarray}
 y &=& a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h\nonumber\\
   & & \mbox{}+i+j+k+l+m
\end{eqnarray}
\end{verbatim}
To typeset above, you will get the following output. 
\begin{eqnarray}
 y &=& a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h\nonumber\\
   & & \mbox{}+i+j+k+l+m
\end{eqnarray}

\halflineskip

\noindent
\textbf{Example 3}: 
Changing the value of \verb/\mathindent/ is 
to change the position that the equation begins%
\footnote{This explanation is appropriate to left-aligns displayed formulas, 
not to centering formulas.}. 
\label{fnsample}%
\begin{verbatim}
\mathindent=0mm % <-- [A]
\begin{equation}
 y=a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m
\end{equation}
\mathindent=7mm % <-- [B] default value
\end{verbatim}
To typeset above (notice \texttt{[A]}), you will get the following output. 
\mathindent=0mm
\begin{equation}
 y=a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m
\end{equation}
\mathindent=7mm

The value of \verb/\mathindent/ must be restored 
(notice \texttt{[B]}). 

\halflineskip

\noindent
\textbf{Example 4}: 
\begin{equation}
 \int\!\!\!\int_S \left( \frac{\partial V}{\partial x}
  - \frac{\partial U}{\partial y} \right)dxdy
  = \oint_C \left(U\frac{dx}{ds}+V\frac{dy}{ds}\right)ds
\end{equation}

The above equation is too long and almost overrides the equation number. 
In this case the \verb/\lefteqn/ command is useful. 
It can be used for splitting long formulas across lines as follows. 
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{eqnarray}
 \lefteqn{
  \int\!\!\!\int_S 
  \left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial x}
  -\frac{\partial U}{\partial y}\right) dxdy
 }\quad \nonumber\\
 &=& \oint_C \left(U \frac{dx}{ds}
      + V \frac{dy}{ds} \right)ds
\end{eqnarray}
\end{verbatim}
To typeset above, you will get the following output. 
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{
 \int\!\!\!\int_S 
  \left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial x}
   -\frac{\partial U}{\partial y}\right) dxdy
 }\quad\nonumber\\
 &=& \oint_C \left(U \frac{dx}{ds}
      + V \frac{dy}{ds} \right)ds
\end{eqnarray}

\halflineskip

\noindent
\textbf{Example 5}: 
A matrix which is typed by using the \texttt{array} environment. 
\begin{equation}
A = \left(
  \begin{array}{cccc}
   a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\
   a_{21} & a_{22} & \ldots & a_{2n} \\
   \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
   a_{m1} & a_{m2} & \ldots & a_{mn} \\
  \end{array}
    \right)
 \label{eq:ex1}
\end{equation}

The width of a matrix can be shrunk
by changing the value of \verb/\arraycolsep/ or 
using an \texttt{@}-expression (\verb/@{}/). 
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{equation}
\arraycolsep=3pt %     <--- [C]
A = \left(
  \begin{array}{@{\hskip2pt}%%  <-- [D]
                cccc
                @{\hskip2pt}%%  <-- [D]
               }
   a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\
   a_{21} & a_{22} & \ldots & a_{2n} \\
   \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
   a_{m1} & a_{m2} & \ldots & a_{mn} \\
  \end{array}
    \right) 
\end{equation}
\end{verbatim}

The \verb/\arraycolsep/ dimension is half the width of a horizontal space 
between columns in the \texttt{array} environment. 
A matrix typed by using the \texttt{array} environment can be shrunk
by changing the value of \verb/\arraycolsep/ (notice \texttt{[C]}). 
And also it can be shrunk by using \texttt{@}-expression 
(notice \texttt{[D]}). 

\begin{equation}
\arraycolsep=3pt
A = \left(
  \begin{array}{@{\hskip2pt}cccc@{\hskip2pt}}
   a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \\
   a_{21} & a_{22} & \ldots & a_{2n} \\
   \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
   a_{m1} & a_{m2} & \ldots & a_{mn} \\
  \end{array}
    \right) \label{eq:ex2}
\end{equation}
Compare Eqs.\,(\ref{eq:ex1}) and (\ref{eq:ex2}). 

\halflineskip
\hfuzz.5pt

\noindent
\textbf{Example 6}: A matrix which is typed by using a \verb/\pmatrix/. 
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{equation}
 \def\quad{\hskip.75em\relax}% <-- [E]
 %% default setting is \hskip1em
 A = \pmatrix{
      a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \cr
      a_{21} & a_{22} & \ldots & a_{2n} \cr
      \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \cr
      a_{m1} & a_{m2} & \ldots & a_{mn} \cr
     }
\end{equation}
\end{verbatim}

In the case of the equation typed by using \verb/\pmatrix/, 
the definition of \verb/\quad/ can be changed (notice \texttt{[E]}). 
\begin{equation}
 \def\quad{\hskip.75em\relax}% <-- [E]
 %% default setting is \hskip1em
 A = \pmatrix{
      a_{11} & a_{12} & \ldots & a_{1n} \cr
      a_{21} & a_{22} & \ldots & a_{2n} \cr
      \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \cr
      a_{m1} & a_{m2} & \ldots & a_{mn} \cr
     }
\end{equation}

Notice that if \texttt{amsmath} packages is loaded 
you must use the \texttt{pmatrix} environment instead of \verb/\pmatrix/. 
In that case, the explanation on Example 5 is useful. 

If any of the above explanations could not resolve the problem, 
there might be the following method, 
surrounding a display environment 
with \texttt{small} or \texttt{footnotesize}, 
scaling a part or all of a formula by using \verb/\scalebox/, 
inserting a display environment into a float environment. 

\section{Submission of Final Data}
\label{source}

Information about the submission of the final data can be given in 
``Information for Authors (Brief Summary)'' and the following web site. 

\noindent
\texttt{http://www.ieice.org/eng/shiori/mokuji.html}

\begin{itemize}
\item
A source file should constitute a single file.  
A \texttt{bbl} file produced by \BibTeX\ should 
be include in a main source file. 

\item 
Source files required for compilation, 
such as the original macro file created by authors, 
special macro files, etc.\ must be submitted. 
\end{itemize}

%\section*{Acknowledgments}

%\bibliographystyle{ieicetr}
%\bibliography{myrefs}
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{texbook}%
D.E. Knuth, The \TeX{}book, Addison-Wesley, 1989.

%\bibitem{Seroul}%
%R. Seroul and S. Levy,
%A Beginner's Book of \TeX, Springer-Verlag, 1989.
%\bibitem{ohno}%
%Y. Ohno, ed., \TeX\ Guidebook, Kyoritsu Shuppan, 1989.
%\bibitem{nodera1}%
%T. Nodera, Rakuraku \LaTeX, Kyoritsu Shuppan, 1990.
%\bibitem{bibunsho}%
%H. Okumura, \LaTeX, Gijutsu Hyoron, 1991.
%\bibitem{itou}%
%K. Itoh, \LaTeX\ Total Guide, Shuwa System Trading, 1991.
%\bibitem{nodera2}%
%T. Nodera, Try Again \AmSLaTeX, Kyoritsu Shuppan, 1991.
%\bibitem{impress}%
%Y. Sagitani, Japanese \LaTeX\ Style Book, vols.1--3, 
%Impress, 1992--1994.

\bibitem{Eijkhout}%
V. Eijkhout, \TeX\ by Topic, Addison-Wesley, 1991.

%\bibitem{jiyuu}%
%H. Isozaki, \LaTeX\ Jiyu Jizai, Science-sha, 1992.

\bibitem{Abrahams}%
P.W. Abrahams, \TeX\ for the Impatient, 
Addison-Wesley, 1992.

%\bibitem{fujita}%
%S. Fujita, \LaTeX\ for Chemists and Biochemists\,--\,The Guide to 
%Document Preparation by Personal Computer, Tokyo Kagaku Dojin, 1993.

\bibitem{Bech}%
S. von Bechtolsheim, \TeX\ in Practice, vols.\RN{1}--\RN{4}, 
Springer-Verlag, 1993.

%\bibitem{Gr}%
%G. Gr\"{a}tzer, 
%Math into \TeX\,--\,A Simple Introduction to \AmSLaTeX, 
%Birkh\"{a}user, 1993.

%\bibitem{Kopka}%
%H. Kopka and P.W. Daly, A Guide to \LaTeX, Addison-Wesley, 1993.

\bibitem{FMi1}%
M. Goossens, F. Mittelbach, and A. Samarin, 
The \LaTeX\ Companion, Addison-Wesley, 1994.

\bibitem{Walsh}%
N. Walsh, 
Making \TeX\ Work, O'Reilly \& Associates, 1994.

\bibitem{latexbook}
L. Lamport, \LaTeX: A Document Preparation System, Second Edition,  
Addison-Wesley, 1994. 

\bibitem{Salomon}
D. Salomon, 
The Advanced \TeX{}book, 
Springer-Verlag, 1995.

\bibitem{FMi2}
M. Goossens, S. Rahts, and F. Mittelbach, 
The \LaTeX\ Graphics Companion, Addison-Wesley, 1997.

\bibitem{FMi3}
M. Goossens, and S. Rahts, 
The \LaTeX\ Web Companion,  
Addison-Wesley, 1999. 

\bibitem{Lipkin}
B.S. Lipkin, 
\LaTeX\ for Linux, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999. 
\end{thebibliography}

\appendix*
\section{Omitted Commands}

Some commands which is not required by \ClassFile\ are omitted. 
These commands are 
\verb/\tableofcontents/, 
\verb/\titlepage/, 
\verb/\part/, 
\verb/\theindex/, 
\texttt{headings} 
% \texttt{myheadings\/} 
and the related commands. 

\profile{Hanako Denshi}{%
was born in 19xx. 
...
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication
Engineers (IEICE), Kikai-Shinko-Kaikan Bldg., 
5--8, Shibakoen 3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105--0011 Japan.
}
\label{profile}

\profile{Taro Denshi}{%
was born in 19xx. 
...
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication
Engineers (IEICE), Kikai-Shinko-Kaikan Bldg., 
5--8, Shibakoen 3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105--0011 Japan.
}

\end{document}
